EntityQualityDomain
type: Class
additional information: See also Entity-Feature-Value and Entity-Property-Value
aim: To model qualities without relying in a proliferation of object properties, as in the Entity-Property-Quality ODP
classification: Good Practice
elements: The core of this ODP is formed by the qualities, placed in a single hierarchy (the qualities are disjoint and the superclass is covered by them, like in the Value Partition ODP). Entities are linked to qualities by an object property, and a Qualifed Cardinality Restriction is used to express whether the quality is intrisic (exactly 1) or accidental (max 1). Also, qualities are limited to the entities to which they apply by an universal restriction (e.g. mitochondria do not regulate mitosis)
implementation: The first step is to create the qualities hierarchy, in the same way as the Value Partition ODP. Create the object property to link entities to qualities. Add the restriction [QualityCategory inv (HasQuality) only Entity] (this restricts the qualities to the entity). Add the restriction [EntityCategory HasQuality max 1 QualityCategory] or [EntityCategory HasQuality exactly 1 QualityCategory] (this restricts the entities to the qualities, max 1 in the case of accidental qualities and exactly 1 in the case of intrinsic qualities)
motivation: Qualities modify independent entities (e.g. position, colour, etc.) and thus they are dependent entities
name: Entity-Quality
reference: Alan Rector (Personal Communication)
reference: Mikel Egana, Alan Rector, Robert Stevens and Erick Antezana. Applying Ontology Design Patterns in bio-ontologies. EKAW 2008. LNCS 5268, pp. 7-16, 2008
reference: P. Grenon, B. Smith, L. Goldberg. Biodynamic ontology: Applying BFO in the biomedical domain. In Pisanelli, D.M., ed.: Ontologies in Medicine, IOS Press (2004) 20-38
result: The entities and the qualities of those entities are properly separated, and which qualities apply to which entities is also expressed
sample: ../img/EntityQuality_instance.png
side effects: it is very difficult to add sub-qualities. Cannot handle multi-aspect qualities
structure: ../img/EntityQuality_abstract.png
subclass of: Thing

basal
type: Class
type: Thing
subclass of: position
disjoint with: apical

Thing
on class: basal
qualified cardinality: 1

Thing
max qualified cardinality: 1
on class: position

Thing
on class: apical
qualified cardinality: 1